An amino acid change in the mt-TyrRS gene <i>Aatm</i> is incompatible with the <i>mt-tRNA^Tyr</i> polymorphism.

<p>(A) A nonsynonymous SNP in the <i>D. melanogaster OreR</i> nuclear-encoded mt-TyrRS gene <i>Aatm</i> changes a highly conserved alanine to a valine at a residue adjacent to the class I aaRS “KMSKS” signature sequence located in a loop that connects the catalytic domain to the anticodon binding (ACB) domain <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003238#pgen.1003238-Bonnefond1" target="_blank">[38]</a>. Nine Drosophilid species sequences are followed by mosquito (<i>Anopheles gambiae</i>), zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>), mouse (<i>Mus musculus</i>) and human. (B) Both the transgenic <i>Aatm^Aut</i> allele and the <i>Aatm^Ore_V275A</i> allele that reverts the valine in the <i>OreR</i> allele to the conserved alanine significantly recover development time in a <i>simw⁵⁰¹</i> mitochondrial background and recapitulate the developmental difference between the (<i>simw⁵⁰¹</i>);<i>OreR</i> and (<i>simw⁵⁰¹</i>);<i>AutW132</i> genotypes. Boxplots show the distributions of mean development time for all individuals emerging from a single vial, and notches indicate the approximate 95% confidence intervals around the medians. Numbers above the boxes indicate the magnitude of the reduction in development time in days, relative to the incompatible <i>Aatm^Ore</i> allele (<i>P_Tukey</i><0.0001, both alleles). Normalized development time is relative to control siblings that emerge from the same vial. Data were pooled across sexes, as the effects were the same in males and females (<a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003238#pgen.1003238.s003" target="_blank">Figure S3</a> and <a href="http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003238#pgen.1003238.s005" target="_blank">Table S2</a>).