The performance of aminoalkyl/fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon-modified xerogel coatings against the marine alga <i>Ectocarpus crouaniorum</i>: relative roles of surface energy and charge

<div><p>The effect of a series of xerogel coatings modified with aminoalkyl/fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon groups on the adhesion of a new test species, the filamentous brown alga <i>Ectocarpus crouaniorum</i>, has been explored, and compared with the green alga <i>Ulva linza</i>. The results showed that <i>E. crouaniorum</i> adhered weakly to the less polar, low wettability coatings in the series, but stronger adhesion was shown on polar, higher surface energy coatings containing aminoalkyl groups. The results from a separate series of coatings tuned to have similar surface energies and polarities after immersion in artificial seawater (ASW), but widely different surface charges, demonstrated that surface charge was more important than surface energy and polarity in determining the adhesion strength of both <i>E. crouaniorum</i> and <i>U. linza</i> on xerogel coatings. No correlation was found between adhesion and contact angle hysteresis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of samples after immersion in ASW confirmed the presence of charged ammonium groups on the surface of the aminoalkylated coatings.</p>