Effects of Cd on oxidative stress damage in RIN-m5F cells.

<p>Cells were exposed to CdCl₂ (5 and 10 μM) for various time courses in the absence or presence of NAC (1 mM), and (A) ROS generation was determined by flow cytometry, and (B) oxidative damage to membrane lipid (lipid peroxidation) was measured the levels of MDA as described in the Materials and Methods section. All data are shown as mean ± S.D. for six independent experiments with triplicate determination. *<i>p</i><0.05 as compared with vehicle control. <b>^#</b><i>p</i><0.05 as compared with cadmium alone.