TEs and neighboring gene expression.

<p>(a) Average gene expression levels for TE− genes (yellow), TE+ genes (red) and genes where TEs are located simultaneously within, upstream and downstream of the genes (cyan). MWU [TE+/TE−] p<2×10⁻¹⁶ for Col-0, Bur-0 and C24, MWU [TE+/TE within gene + up and downstream] p≤2×10⁻¹⁴ for Col-0, Bur-0 and C24. (b) Average gene expression as a function of the distance to the nearest TE. Distance was binned into 400 bp windows. A distance of 0 indicates genes that contain a TE. Spearman's ρ(Col-0) = 0.15, ρ(Bur-0) = 0.13, ρ(C24) = 0.13; p<2×10⁻¹⁶). (c) Average gene expression as a function of the number of proximal TEs. df = 55, chi-square sums 915, 588 and 553 for Col-0, Bur-0 and C24, respectively, p<2×10⁻¹⁶. ** = p<0.01. Standard errors are shown.