Serial changes in levels of serum TNF-α, IL-6, sTM, and sE-selectin after heat stress.

<p>Serum concentrations of TNF-α (<b>A</b>), IL-6 (<b>B</b>), sTM (<b>C</b>), and sE-selectin (<b>D</b>) in the sham group, HS-cont group (heatstroke rats without VNS treatment), and HS-VNS group (VNS-treated heatstroke rats) are shown. All data are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. n = 5 at every time point in the sham group and n = 10 at every time point in the HS-cont and HS-VNS groups. *<i>p</i> <0.05, **<i>p</i> <0.01.