Urinary vitamin D binding protein (uVDBP) and established renal tubular damage markers in patients with renal damage.

<p>Box-whisker plots illustrating the relation between uVDBP and established renal tubular damage markers kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) (A), beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) (B), Cystatin C (CysC) (C) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (D) in normo- and microalbuminuric subjects (both n = 100). The uVDBP is presented per quartile of the established renal damage marker studied. In all panels (A-D), the left four box whisker plots represent the unadjusted VDBP excretion, and the right four box whisker plots represent the uVDBP adjusted for albuminuria. All biomarkers are positively associated with uVDBP, also when VDBP was adjusted for albuminuria (p<0.001, Kruskal Wallis).