Bifurcation analysis of BFS.

<p>(A) Neuronal Competition Network adaptation-LC. The population rate activity is denoted by U_i on each neuronal population i. The external visual input on each eye (population) <i>i</i> is denoted by <i>I_i</i>. Mutual inhibitory connections <i>β</i> are represented by filled circles, and recurrent excitatory connections <i>α</i> by arrows. The recurrent dashed arrows on each population symbolize a slow adaptation process (rate frequency adaptation), where the adaptation variable is denoted by on each population <i>i</i>. (B) Bifurcation diagram of the noise free mode as a function of the strength of the adaptation process. A bifurcation from a bistable (“Attractor”) regime to an oscillatory (“Oscillations”) regime is observed at . Left of the bifurcation, a double branched bistable region (solid lines) emerges. The upper (green) and lower (orange) branches correspond to the high and low activity of the dominant and suppressed population, respectively. Right of the bifurcation, an oscillatory region emerges. In this region, the maximum and the minimum of the populations’ activity during rivalry periodic oscillations (green and orange circles) are shown. (C) Bifurcation analysis of BFS. Upper panel: Flash suppression dynamical range of the competition neuronal model for the noise free case. Flash suppression is characterized by plotting the maximum value of the populations’ activity (<i>U₁</i> in red and <i>U₂</i> in blue) during the last second of the simulations (see details in the text). Flash suppression corresponds to the regions where only the second flashed population <i>U₂</i> shows high activity and the first stimulated population <i>U₁</i> is suppressed. Lower panel: Temporal evolution of the populations’ firing rate activity <i>U₁</i> (red) and <i>U₂</i> (blue) for different levels of adaptation corresponding to the three different regions (pointed by the black arrows) observed in the upper panel. Neurophysiological single cell recordings in monkey LPFC are only consistent with the type of simulated neuronal behavior observed in the region labeled “Flash Suppression”.