IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 are up regulated in CD tissue with early and established lesions.

<p>Transcripts for IL-4 (A), <u>IL-5 (E) and IL-13 (F)</u> were analysed in ileal samples taken from CD patients with no endoscopic recurrence (i0–i1), CD patients with endoscopic recurrence (i2–i4), CD patients with established/late lesions and normal controls by real-time PCR and normalized to β-actin. Data indicate individual values of <u>cytokines</u> in single biopsies and horizontal bars represent the median value. B. Flow cytometry analysis of IL-4-producing cells in CD3+LPMC isolated from CD patients with no endoscopic recurrence (i0–i1), CD patients with endoscopic recurrence (i2–i4), CD patients with established/late lesions and normal controls. LPMC were gated on CD3+ cells and subsequently analysed for the expression of IL-4. Data indicate individual values and horizontal bars represent the median value. Right insets: representative histograms of IL-4-producing CD3+cells in LPMC isolated from 1 CD patient with no endoscopic recurrence (i0), 1 CD patient with endoscopic recurrence (i4), 1 CD patient with established/late lesions and 1 normal control. Staining with a control IgG is also shown. Numbers above lines indicate the percentages of positive cells. C–D. Ratio between the percentages of IFN-γ-producing (C) or IL-17A-producing (D) CD3+LPMC and IL-4-producing CD3+ LPMC isolated from CD patients with no endoscopic recurrence (i0–i1), CD patients with endoscopic recurrence (i2–i4), CD patients with established/late lesions and normal controls.