Comparative profiles of cranial kinematics for <i>Sicyopterus stimpsoni</i> during feeding (solid triangles) and climbing (open circles) behaviors.

<p>Descriptions of the calculation of each variable are provided in the text. Plots show mean (± s.e.m. values of each variable, averaged across all cycles for each behavior for every 5% increment of cycle duration. (a) Cranial elevation angle, (b) premaxillary protrusion angle, (c) premaxillary protrusion length, (d) hyoid retraction angle, (e) hyoid retraction length, (f) mandibular retraction length, (g) opercular expansion length, and (h) oral sucker area. All linear measurements are normalized by body length (BL), or BL² for oral sucker area.