HIV-1 co-receptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, expression profiles and <i>ex vivo</i> R5 HIV-1 infectivity of CD4⁺ T Cells in hNOJ mice.

<p>(A) Changes in the percentage of CCR5⁺ (left) and CXCR4⁺ (right) cells within the peripheral blood CD4⁺ T cell population isolated from hNOJ (IR+) and hNOJ (IR−) mice (<i>n</i> = 18 and <i>n</i> = 6, respectively). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. (B) Percentage of CCR5⁺ and CXCR4⁺ cells within the naïve, CM, EM_early, and EM_int/late subsets of peripheral blood CD4⁺ T cells isolated from hNOJ mice at 16 wk post-transplantation (<i>n</i> = 18 and <i>n</i> = 6, respectively) and from humans (<i>n</i> = 5). Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Significant differences (^*<i>P</i><0.05, ^***<i>P</i><0.001) were determined by two-way factorial ANOVA with the Bonferroni multiple comparison test. (C, D, E) Fusion assay using R5 HIV-1 and CD4⁺ T cells. Splenic CD4⁺ T cells from hNOJ mice at ≥17 wk post-transplantation (<i>n</i> = 4; three hNOJ (IR+) mice and one hNOJ (IR−) mouse) or peripheral blood CD4⁺ T cells from humans (<i>n</i> = 5) were infected <i>ex vivo</i> with HIV-1_{NL-AD8-D-BlaM-Vpr}. (C) Naïve, CM, and EM subsets of CD4⁺ T cells (gated on CD3⁺CD4⁺CD8⁻) were defined as CD45RA⁺CCR7⁺, CD45RA⁻CCR7⁺, and CD45RA⁻CCR7⁻, respectively, by flow cytometry. (D) Percentage of R5 HIV-1 fusion cells within the total CD4⁺ T cell population and within the naïve, CM, and EM subsets in hNOJ mice and humans. Individual data points are plotted. The black lines represent the mean. Significant differences (^*<i>P</i><0.05, ^**<i>P</i><0.01) were determined by the unpaired <i>t</i> test. (E) Relative ratio of R5 HIV-1 fusion among the naïve, CM, and EM subsets from hNOJ mice and humans. The level of R5 HIV-1 fusion in each of the CD4⁺ T cell subsets relative to that in the corresponding CM subset. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Significant differences (^***<i>P</i><0.001) were determined by Tukey’s multiple comparison test.