Systemic administration of IL-10 diminishes SPX-induced fat accumulation, infiltration of macrophages, and pro-inflammatory responses in the islets.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Representative images of CD11c staining (upper sections) and CD206 staining (lower sections) in intra-islet areas in pancreas sections from each group. Scale bar = 100 µm. (<b>B−D</b>) CD11c-positive areas (<b>B</b>), CD206-positive areas (<b>C</b>), and M1/M2 ratios (<b>D</b>) in the islets in each group (<i>n</i> = 6). *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. the Standard-Sham group, ^#<i>P</i><0.05 vs. the HF-Sham group. (<b>E</b>) Serum levels of IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-10 in sham and SPX mice fed standard chow or a HF diet. *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. the Standard-Sham group, ^#<i>P</i><0.05 vs. the Standard-SPX group. (<b>F</b>) Serum cytokine changes relative to the Standard-Sham group. *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. IL-1β and MCP-1. (<b>G</b>) Serum leptin levels in each group (n = 6). *<i>P</i><0.05 vs. the Standard-Sham group, ^#<i>P</i><0.05 vs. the HF-Sham group, ^$<i>P</i><0.05 vs. the HF-SPX group. Treatment groups: Standard-Sham, fed standard chow, given serum albumin, and sham-operated; HF-Sham, fed a HF diet, administered serum albumin, and sham-operated; HF-SPX, fed a HF diet, given serum albumin, and splenectomized; HF-SPX+IL-10, fed a HF diet, given IL-10, and splenectomized; Pair-fed, administered serum albumin, sham-operated, and fed the same amount of food as that consumed by the HF-SPX group.