Survival of offspring in different groups.

<p>ETL, egg to larval stage; LTC, larval to cocoon stage; CTA, cocoon to adult stage.</p><p>1, whole-stage guarding group; 2, non-guarding group; 3, egg-guarding hiatus group; 4, larva-guarding hiatus group; 5, cocoon-guarding hiatus group; 6, multiparous stepmother-guarding group; 7, nulliparous stepmother-guarding group. The presence of the same letter after the mean±SE indicates a lack of significant difference within group (Scheffe multiple comparisons test, <i>P</i>≥0.05).