Diabetes and TPEN treatment decreased the expression of Nrf2 that was associated with decreased Akt and GSK-3β phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of Fyn.

<p>The expression of Nrf2 (A) and total and phosphorylated Akt (B) and GSK3β (C) were examined with Western blotting. The expression of Fyn in nuclei, cytosol, and total tissues were measured by Western blotting, for which the ratios of Fyn-N/Fyn-T (D) and Fyn-C/Fyn-T (E) were presented. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 6 at least in each group). DM: diabetes; Fyn- N: Nuclear Fyn; Fyn- C: cytosolic Fyn; Fyn- T: Total tissue Fyn. * P<0.05 vs. control group; ^# P<0.05 vs. TPEN group; ^& P<0.05 vs. DM group.