Reduction in the immunosuppressive and increased Th1 cytokines response in Nano-KAg vaccinated MN184 challenged pigs.

<p>Pigs were unvaccinated or vaccinated, challenged and euthanized as indicated in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0051794#pone-0051794-g003" target="_blank">Fig 3</a> legend. (A) Lungs MNC were analyzed for Tregs population by flow cytometry. Lung homogenates were analyzed for cytokines: (B) IL-10, (C) TGF-β, and (D) IFN-γ; and harvested culture supernatants from restimulated lung MNC were analyzed for cytokines: (E) IL-10, (F) TGF-β, and (G) IFN-γ by ELISA. Similarly harvested culture supernatants from restimulated PBMC and TBLN MNC were analyzed for cytokines: (H & L) IL-10, (I) TGF-β, (J & M) IFN-γ, and (K & N) IL-6 by ELISA. Each bar represents average values from three pigs ± SEM. Asterisk represents the statistical significant difference (p<0.05) between Nano-KAg and K-Ag received pig groups and φ represents the statistical significant difference (p<0.05) between unvaccinated and Nano-KAg received pig groups. A similar trend in results was obtained in an independent second trial performed using same number of animals.