Influence of Fluoxetine (FLX) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA-damage, cell vitality/apoptosis and cell-cycle progression in HT29 cells.

<p>(A and B) ROS production analyzed by flow cytometry, after exposure to different FLX concentrations for 30 min (A), and 4 h (B; *P<0.05 <i>vs</i> DMSO). Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was used as positive control and in both cases applied for 30 min; arbitrary units (a.u.). (C and D) O₂⁻ production detected by DHE staining for 30 min (C; P>0.05 <i>vs</i> DMSO), and 4 h (D; P>0.05). (E and F) DNA-damage analyzed by comet assay, after exposure to different FLX concentrations for 30 minutes (E), and 4 h, with % DNA content in tail representing DNA-damage (F; *P<0.05 <i>vs</i> DMSO). Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was used as positive control and in both cases applied for 30 min. (G) Viability and apoptosis assay (Annexin V/PI) performed by flow cytometry, after exposure to different FLX concentrations for 24 hours (^*P<0.05 <i>vs</i> DMSO). (H) Distribution of cells in cell cycle phases analyzed by flow cytometry. Given is the percentage of HT29 cells in G₀/G₁, S, and G2/M phases with and without FLX treatment for 24 h (**P<0.01 vs DMSO). All figures show results from at least 4 independent experiments.