Peptide S1 attenuates spatial memory deficits.

<p>(A) APP/PS1 mice were administered S1 (n = 9) or vehicle (n = 9) by i.c.v infusion four times. Littermate control mice (WT, n = 10) were administered vehicle. Each mouse was given two 90 s trials per day for five consecutive days to find the hidden platform in a Morris water maze. The recorded data were analyzed and showed the changes of latency to find the hidden platform over 5 days of the training phase (AD mice treated with S1 or WT mice compared with AD mice control, *, <i>P</i><0.05). (B) Effect of S1 on escape latency during the memory test in the MWM probe trial without a platform. (C) Effect of S1 on the number of crossings (the mice crossed the position where the platform was placed during learning sessions). (D) Effect of S1 on the time spent in the target quadrant during the memory test in the MWM probe trial (compared with AD control mice, *, <i>P</i><0.05).