Analysis of differentiation potentials of osteoclast precursor cells induced by various conditions.

<p>(A) Time course of formation of TRAP⁺ MNCs from mononuclear cells induced by M-CSF in combination with TNF-α and TGF-β separately or together. (B) Effect of hydroxyurea (HU) on RANKL-induced formation of TRAP⁺ MNCs from preosteoclasts. NABMCs were cultured with TNF-α, TGF-β, and M-CSF for 2 days, and were then cultured further for 1–3 days (A) in the presence of RANKL (30 ng/ml) and M-CSF (3 ng/ml), or (B) in the presence or absence of HU (100 µM). Each value represents the mean ± SEM of three cultures. Statistical significance was determined by Student’s <i>t</i> test; *P<0.05, **P<0.01.