Combination of TQ and DG enhances these agents' antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in SCC cells.

<p>(A) Flow cytometry–based detection of apoptotic cell death in A431 and Hep2 cells treated with a combination of TQ 10 µM and DG 20 µM. (B) Accumulation of sub-G₁ phase apoptotic cells during treatment with the same combination of TQ 10 µM and DG 20 µM. Data represent means ± SEM; *represents significant differences between control and treated groups (<i>P</i><0.05). (C) A431 and Hep2 cells treated with TQ and/or DG for 48 hours, labelled with phalloidin-TRITC (F-actin–binding protein, golden) and DAPI (DNA-binding dye, blue). TQ or DG alone effectively blocked cell-spreading lamellopodia, whereas combination treatment led to complete disorganization of actin filaments and formed F-actin fragments.