I/R increases serum levels of TNF-α, ICAM-1 and CXCL16 and aggravates cardiac damage through NF-κB.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Serum levels of TNF-α, ICAM-1 and CXCL16 at indicated time points after ischemia in I/R and I/R+PDTC group were detected by ELISA. n = 6. *, P<0.05. (<b>B</b>) Representative Thioflavin S staining showing the gross appearance of heart sections of I/R and I/R+PDTC groups. The NR area is negative for fluorescence as indicated by the broken lines. (<b>C</b>) Statistical analyses of NR/LV area ratio in I/R and I/R+PDTC groups. (I/R, n = 7; I/R+PDTC, n = 5). (<b>D</b>–<b>E</b>) Representative light (<b>D</b>) and electron (<b>E</b>) micrographs of NR area from sham, I/R, and I/R+ PDTC groups. <b>D</b>, H&E staining indicated severe interstitial edema and myocardial fibers disarrangement in NR area of I/R group (<i>middle panel</i>) in contrast to sham (<i>left panel</i>) or I/R+PDTC (<i>right panel</i>) group. Bar = 100 µm. <b>E</b>, Cardiomyocytes in NR area of I/R group (<i>middle panel</i>) displayed snapped myofibrils (arrows) and mitochondrial swelling (M), which was barely observed in sham group (<i>left panel</i>) or NR area of I/R+PDTC group (<i>right panel</i>). Figures are representative images of at least three different heart samples. Scale bar = 0.6 µm.