Dendritic cell frequencies and activation following probiotic treatment.

<p>Dendritic cells were gated based on the expression of CD11c and MHC II. Within the dendritic cell population the frequency of CD103⁺, CD80⁺, or CD86⁺ cells was determined (black lines). The gate were set based on staining with an isotype control (grey lines). Representative FACS plots are depicted (A). Frequency of CD103⁺ dendritic cell subsets in the spleen (N = 6) (B) or mesenteric lymph node (N = 6) (C) following oral treatment with medium (white bars), L. lactis MG1363 (dashed bars), L. plantarum WCFS1 (grey bars), or L. salivarius UCC118 (black bars). Activated dendritic cells are depicted as the frequency of CD80⁺ cells within the CD11c⁺ MHC II⁺ cells in the spleen (D) and MLN (E), or the frequency of CD86⁺ cells within the CD11c⁺ MHC II⁺ cells in the spleen (F) and MLN (G). Results are depicted as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Statistical significance was calculated using the One-way ANOVA followed by a two-sided Dunnet post-hoc test. * represents P-values <0.05.