ω-3 PUFAs activate AMPK and enhances SIRT1 expression in macrophages.

<p>(A) ω-3 PUFAs increasesα1AMPK protein levels and phosphorylation. Raw264.7 macrophages were treated with DHA (100 µM) for 24 hours. α1AMPK protein and AMPK phosphorylation (Thr172) was measured by immunoblotting with specific antibodies. (B) ω-3 PUFAs increase α1AMPK activity. Raw264.7 macrophages were treated with DHA (100 µM) for 24 hours. α1AMPK activity was measured using an immunocomplex assay with SAMS peptide as described in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0045990#s4" target="_blank">Materials and Methods</a>. Data are expressed as mean ± SE, n = 6. Groups labeled with the same superscripts are not statistically different from each other. Groups labeled with different superscripts are statistically different from each other. (C) DHA enhances SIRT1 protein levels in control but not in α1AMPK knockdown cells. Macrophages with α1AMPK knockdown were treated with DHA (100 µM) for 24 hours. SIRT1 protein was measured by immunoblotting with specific antibody.