Effects of MPs on MPC migration <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.

<p>(A) MPCs were seeded in the upper chamber of chemotactic inserts with or without MP-conditioned medium at various concentrations or with NIH-3T3 fibroblast-conditioned medium of B lymphocyte-conditioned medium. In (B) MPs were seeded in the lower chamber at various densities. The number of migrating cells was counted 24 h later and migration was expressed in % of migrating cells counted in control medium. (results represent mean ± sem of 3 independent experiments). * = P<0.05. (C) GFP-MPCs were injected with or without MPs at various ratios through a microtube migrating device in mdx TA muscle as described in Materials and Methods. After 48 h, migration of cells is evaluated by calculating the distance of cells from the microtube and expressed in µm. (results represent mean ± sem of 3 independent experiments). * = P<0.05. On bottom, representative micrographs show migration of MPCs from the microtube, when injected alone (1∶0) or with MPs (1∶5).