Effect of CsA on intracellular cytokine production in individual component cells at the maternal-fetal interface.

<p>Primary human trophoblasts, decidual stromal cells, decidual immune cells, or various co-culture combinations were treated with CsA (1.0 µM) or DMSO (1/1000, v/v) for 48 h. Before harvest, the cells were treated with PMA, and ionomycin, or with brefeldin A for 4 h. The cells were labeled for the surface expression of CD45 (FITC) and for intracellular cytokeratin 7, vimentin, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 using PE-conjugated mAbs. The intracellular production of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 was analyzed by flow cytometry. The percentages of positive cells among the indicated cells are shown. Data represent the mean ± SE of three independent experiments with 29 villi and three deciduas, performed in triplicate wells with three different samples. *P<0.05, compared to the vehicle control; Tro: Human primary trophoblasts.