The effects of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) transplantation on cytokine expression, detected by a human cytokine array in the kidney tissue of NOD-SCID mice treated with either folic acid (FA) or vehicle only at day 3 post-treatment.

<p>(A) Layout of the human cytokine array (RayBio human inflammation antibody array 3). Representative array readouts of human cytokines in the kidney tissue of (B) control NOD-SCID mice, (C) FA-injured NOD-SCID mice, (D) NOD-SCID mice were treated with folic acid and then given hUC-MSCs, and (E) NOD-SCID mice were given hUC-MSCs. The samples of renal tissue from each group were the pool of kidneys from six mice per group. The 40 human inflammation cytokines examined included B-lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC), eotaxin, eotaxin-2, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), I-309, inter-cellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, interferon (IFN)γ, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-6 sR, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), monokine induced by IFN-Gamma (MIG), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, MIP-1β, MIP-1δ, platelet-derived growth factor B-chain homodimer (PDGF-BB), RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, TIMP-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, TNFβ, TNF soluble Receptor I (TNF sRI), and TNF soluble Receptor II (TNF sRII). NOD-SCID: nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency disease.