Micronucleus frequency after different exposure conditions.

<p>Columns represent means and error bars represent standard deviations of at least three independent experiments (2×1,000 cells per replicate). Untreated controls (C) and positive controls (MMC and VIN) are presented as historical controls performed at different time points during the experiment series (12 independent replicates). <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0046397#s3" target="_blank">Results</a> are shown as number of micronucleated cells per 1,000 binucleated cells for HaCaT (3a) and as number of micronucleated cells per 1,000 mononucleated cells for HDF (3b) cells. MMC-treated HaCaT cells showed a micronucleus frequency of 495±369 MN/1,000 BNC (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0046397#pone-0046397-g003" target="_blank">Fig. 3a</a>). MMC- and VIN-treated cells showed significantly higher micronucleus frequencies compared to untreated cells (*, p<0.05).