Dynamic histone modifications at the Par-4 promoter region in the brain.

<p>A. Experimental scheme of daily intraperitoneal VPA injection. ChIP assays were performed using hippocampal lysates. The acute treatment group was injected with saline for 6 days and VPA on the last day. Mice were sacrificed at the indicated time points after the last injection. The chronic treatment group was injected with 100 mg/kg of VPA for 7 days and sacrificed at the indicated time points after the last injection. B. Dynamic changes in histone modifications at the Par-4 promoter region in the brain. Mice (C57BL/6, male, 9 weeks of age) were intraperitoneally injected with saline or VPA (100 mg/kg per day) as indicated in (A). Ac-H3 and ac-H4 levels were normalized to GAPDH, and relative fold changes are shown compared to the CTL group. Error bars are mean ± SEM (n = 3; *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001; One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test). C. Induction of Par-4 protein levels by chronic VPA treatment in the adult mouse brain. Par-4 protein levels were measured by western blot from hippocampal and striatal extracts.