Additive effect of IFN-γ and TNF-α on the inhibition of CTGF expression. A.

<p>Luminometric analysis of CTGF-Luc reporter transfected HPMEC cells: LEC were incubated with medium alone (control), TNF-α, IFN-γ, or INF-γ and TNF-α. * p<0.05 vs medium alone; # p<0.05 vs INF-γ or TNF-α alone. <b>B+C.</b> LEC were incubated with TNF-α and/or IFN-γ. CTGF mRNA expression compared to β-actin was measured by real-time PCR (B). CTGF and β-actin protein expression was determined by immunoblotting (C). Significant differences (p<0.05) compared with untreated cells are marked by *, compared with INF-γ or TNF-α are marked with #. A representative of 3 independent experiments is shown (C).