S100A9 induces the secretion of cytokines by monocytes.

<p>Cells (1 × 10⁶ cells/ml) were incubated with S100A9 (10 µg/ml) for 24 h. Supernatants were harvested and cytokines were measured by (A) cytokine arrays or (B) ELISA. CTRL: unstimulated cells. Values are the mean ± SEM of 5 different experiments. *p<0.05, t test. (C) Monocytes were stimulated with different concentrations of S100A9 (0.1–40 µg/ml) and IL-6 or TNF-α concentrations were measured in the supernatant. (D) Monocytes were incubated with 10 µg/ml of S100A9 and IL-6 or TNF-α concentrations were assessed as a function of time. Solid line: IL-6 dosage (open circles: unstimulated cells, solid circles: S100A9 stimulated cells), dotted line: TNF-α (white squares: unstimulated cells, solid squares: S100A9 stimulated cells).