Etiologies of ARI by age group and pathogen, western Kenya. March 1, 2007,-February 28, 2010.

<p>All data presented as number and percentage in parentheses rounded to nearest integer.</p>a<p>Case-fatality ratios (CFR) are defined as death in the 30 days following clinic visit for ARI episode.</p>b<p>Denominator for all calculation of percent of positive blood cultures is the number after removing contaminants – coagulase-negative <i>Staphylococcus</i>, <i>Bacillus</i> species, and corynebacterium.</p>c<p>Only 841(25%) ARI patients total had urine collected for urine antigen testing for <i>S. pneumonia</i>, which started on May 21, 2007, and only 805 (24%) ARI patients had both blood culture and urine antigen testing for <i>S. pneumoniae</i> done. For HIV+and HIV−, 112 and 179 ARI patients had urine antigen testing, respectively, and 108 and 175 had both urine antigen and blood culture, respectively.</p>d<p>Other pathogenic bacteria include <i>E. coli, Pseudomonas species, Moraxella catarrhalis,</i> group B <i>Streptococcus, Salmonella typhi</i>.</p>e<p>Rhino/enterovirus and parechovirus were only tested for from January 1, 2009–February 28, 2010. 447 specimens were tested among persons ≥5 years old, of which 334 were from outpatients and 113 from inpatients, 290 among 5–17 year olds, 123 among 18–49 year olds and 34 among those ≥50 years old; 54 among HIV-positive individuals and 90 among HIV-negative persons.</p>f<p>Atypical bacteria were detected by qPCR of np/op specimens. 561 specimens were tested for atypical bacteria. Besides <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>, the other atypical bacteria tested for were <i>Legionella pneumophila, Legionella</i> other species and <i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i>. No positives were detected for any of these atypical bacteria.