Effect on NCA on cell proliferation and viability.

<p>HMEC-1 cells were treated for 24 h with nothing (Control), vehicle (0.04% v/v DMSO), or 100 µM NCA. (A) Cell proliferation was assessed as the increase in live cells. (B) Cell viability was assessed by alarmarBlue assay. Results were normalized to control values for alamarBlue reduction. Values are mean ± SEM for (A) 4 and (B) 5 independent experiments, each performed using triplicate dishes of cells per condition. *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 vs. DMSO and Control, respectively; 1-way ANOVA and Newman–Keuls post-test. (C) NCA increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation as assessed by Western analysis. HMEC-1 were not treated (Control) or treated for 30 or 60 min with vehicle (0.04% v/v DMSO) or 100 µM NCA. Values are mean ± SEM for 4 independent experiments. *P<0.01 vs. Control and ^ΦP<0.01 vs. timed vehicle (DMSO); 1-way ANOVA and Newman–Keuls post-test.