Glutamate-induced injury in cultured rat retinal neurons.

<p>(A) Glutamate treatment for 24 h [GT (24 h)] decreased the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell viability was assayed by MTT method. Data are normalized to control (Ctr). n = 9 for each group, ** <i>p</i><0.01, *** <i>p</i><0.001 <i>vs</i> Ctr, one-way ANOVA. (B) Cell viability was decreased in a time-dependent manner following 0.5 mM GTs (6 h, 9 h, 12 h, 24 h), assayed by MTT method. n = 9 for each group, ** <i>p</i><0.01, *** <i>p</i><0.001 <i>vs</i> Ctr, one-way ANOVA. (C) Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were immunostained with Brn-3a antibody. Scale bar: 20 µm. (D) Flow cytometry analysis shows Thy1.1-positive RGCs (red, in the black polygon) in cultured retinal cells. n = 6. (E) Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry shows cell apoptosis (red) in cultured retinal cells after GT (24 h). F2 and F4 are the apoptotic cells at early and late phases respectively. n = 6. (F) Annexin V-FITC and PE-Thy1.1 flow cytometry shows cell apoptosis (red) of the PE-Thy1.1 staining RGCs. G2 and G4 are the apoptotic RGCs at early and late phases respectively. n = 6.