Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of a <i>TGF-β1</i> antisense-expressing construct down-regulates the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA and protein in grafted veins.

<p>Following local delivery of empty vector-loaded nanoparticles (lanes 1 and 2), normal saline (lanes 3 and 4), or pMAMneo-Anti-<i>TGF-β1</i>-loaded nanoparticles (lanes 5 and 6), the grafted veins were collected and RT-PCR and Western blot analyses performed (<i>n</i> = 15). β-actin was used as a loading control. The RT-PCR (A) and Western blot (B) images are representive of at least three different independent experiments, all of which gave similar results.