Evaluation of the xanthine-xanthine oxidase (X-XO) system and methods to identify DHE production (general oxidative stress) during ROS in zebrafish spermatozoa.

<p>In a concentration dependent manner, induced oxidative stress (X-XO): (<b>A</b>) did not alter the membrane integrity or viability (as assayed by propidium iodide) from the control values (P>0.05; Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s Multiple Comparison test); (<b>B</b>) increased stress as assayed by DHE-positive cells (P<0.05; Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s Multiple Comparison test); and, (<b>C</b>) reduced sperm motility as assayed by visual inspection with phase microscope (P<0.05; Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s Multiple Comparison test). Bars with the same letter are not significantly different (P>0.05), but bars with different letters are (P<0.05). Low X-XO exposure = 0.1 mMX + 0.01 units/ml XO; Medium X-XO exposure = 0.1 mMX + 0.01 units/ml XO; High X-XO exposure = 0.3 mM X + 0.025 units/ml XO. In all treatments, N = 10 samples and each sample consisted of pooled sperm from 3 to 5 males.