Effects of needle age, crown direction, and crown level on soluble sugars, starch, non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), and total nitrogen concentrations expressed on a dry mass basis, NSC-N ratio, δ¹³C, and SLA in <i>Pinus koraiensis</i> needles. F- and <i>P</i>-values are given (<i>n</i>  =  15).

<p>Note (1) significant differences (<i>P</i> < 0.05) are highlighted in bold, and (2) statistical analyses using data expressed on a projected area basis and on a dry mass basis showed the same results and were then not repeated.