Disruption of NF-κB or NFAT5 sites in the LTR inhibits MTb-induced HIV-1 replication in MDM.

<p>MDM from four normal donors were infected with 1000 TCID₅₀ of HIV-1_Lai/Bal-env–WT or the mutants HIV-1_Lai/Bal-env-κB I-Mut, HIV-1_Lai/Bal-env-κB II-Mut, HIV-1_Lai/Bal-env-κB I+II-Mut, or HIV-1_Lai/Bal-env-N5-Mut, and were either (A) left infected with virus alone or (B) co-infected with MTb CDC1551 (1∶1 MDM∶bacilli). Viral p24 levels in the culture supernatants were measured at days 4, 7 and 12 post-infection. Presentation of viral p24 levels at day 12 in cultures infected with (C) HIV-1 alone or (D) co-infected with MTb are shown as histograms. (*, p<0.05; **, p<0.01, as compared to HIV-1_Lai/Bal-env–WT).