LPS-mediated cytokine production in monocytes is differentially modulated by concurrent activation by LILRA2 cross-linking.

<p><b>A.</b> Simultaneous activation of monocytes with LPS and LILRA2 cross-linking for 18 h significantly inhibited TNFα, IL-1β and IL-12 production as compared to cells treated with LPS alone (4), LPS and IgG₁ (5) or LPS and anti-MHC class I mAb (6). <b>B.</b> By contrast, this caused significant increase in IL-10 production and had little or no effect on IL-6 and IFNγ production. As expected cells treated with irrelevant IgG₁ (1) or anti-MHC class I mAb (2) alone did not induce any cytokine production. Cytokine levels in culture supernatants were analysed by Bioplex multi-cytokine assay in quadruplicates for each experiment. Error bars represent SEM of 4 independent experiments, *p<0.05, **p<0.01 as compared to corresponding IgG₁ and LPS treated controls.