Histological amelioration of synovitis by anti-arthritis therapies in CIA and BIA-CIA mice (HE staining, ×200).

<p>A and B. Pre-treatment of CIA (intra-articular CII-CFA injection) mice with 60 µg/ml artesunate or 50 µg/ml rapamycin; C and D. Post-treatment of CIA (intra-dermal CII-CFA injection) mice with 60 µg/ml artesunate and 50 µg/ml rapamycin, or 50 µg/ml rapamycin and 15% alcohol; E and F. Post-treatment of BIA-CIA (intra-dermal CII-CFA injection) mice with 60 µg/ml artesunate and 50 µg/ml rapamycin, or 50 µg/ml rapamycin and 15% alcohol. HE staining of sections and microscopic analysis were carried out by sampling hind paws of mice after therapy completion.