Immune responses induced by tumor-derived NVs.

<p><b>A.</b> C57BL/6 mouse-derived bone marrow DCs efficiently take up DiI-labeled NVs (10 µg/ml), as assessed by FACS analysis. The numbers indicate mean fluorescence intensities. <b>B.</b> FACS analysis reveals that DCs upregulate the expression of maturation markers CD40, CD80, and CD86 after 24 h of incubation with NVs (2 µg/ml) and polyI:C (10 µg/ml). The numbers in the panels indicate mean fluorescence intensities. <b>C.</b> IL-12p70 levels in the supernatants of the cultured DCs, as assessed by ELISA. <b>D.</b> Splenocytes were collected from the mice immunized with NVs (10 µg) and/or polyI:C (50 µg), and the levels of secreted IL-12p70 were determined after <i>in vitro</i> re-stimulation with NVs. <b>E.</b> Serum samples were collected and analyzed by ELISA for the presence of anti-tumor IgG_2a. *<i>P</i><0.05; **<i>P</i><0.01; ***<i>P</i><0.001.