Species-specific sperm concentrations were not necessary for successful <i>in vitro</i> fertilization.

<p><b>A</b>) Regardless of the <i>A. palmata</i> sperm concentration used (10⁶ to 10⁸ cells/ml), a successful <i>in vitro</i> fertilization success of >92% was observed regardless of whether the eggs were exposed to the sperm for 5 min (grey bars) or overnight (black bars) (<i>P</i>>0.05; ANOVA). <b>B</b>) Both sperm concentrations for <i>F. scutaria</i> produced uniform IVF results (<i>P</i>>0.05; Mann-Whitney).