NF-κB contributes to iNOS induction and subsequent antiviral protection against HSV-1 in IRF3^−/−9^−/− MEFs.

<p>(A) The effective concentration of Bay 11-7082 to inhibit NF-κB translocation to the nucleus after treatment with poly I∶C was determined. The effect of NF-κB inhibition by Bay 11-7082 on iNOS mRNA accumulation was measured by qRT-PCR in poly I∶C-treated WT (B) and IRF3^−/−9^−/− (C) MEFs. Initiation of HSV-1gfp replication was quantified in WT (D) and IRF3^−/−9^−/− (E) MEFs following a 5 hour poly I∶C treatment in the presence or absence of Bay 11-7082 and fluorescence compared to untreated monolayers, where fluorescence was set at 100% in each experiment. A 1-way ANOVA with a Tukey post-test was performed to compare efficacy of a range of NF-κB inhibitor concentrations. An unpaired t-test was performed to compare the antiviral response in cells that received poly I∶C treatment with and without Bay 11-7082; *, p<0.05, **, p<0.01, ***, p<0.0001. Data are expressed as the mean of three replicates ± SEM.