Cytokine and TNF family ligand responses to H1N1pdm infection in swine macrophages.

<p>3D/4 cells were infected with H1N1pdm, and total RNA were prepared from infected and control cells at 8, 16, and 36 hrs post infection. After reverse transcription, cDNA was used for realtime PCR to measure the amount of gene transcripts with specific primers. Each assay was repeated at least twice. <b>A.</b> Fold changes of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 transcripts. <b>B.</b> Fold changes of TNF family ligand FasL, TRAIL, and TNF-α transcripts. <b>C.</b> Fold change of antiviral IFN-β, and INF-inducible Mx and 2′5′-OAS transcripts.