Inhibition of HIV-1 by flavonoids.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Chemical structures of flavone and its derivative flavonoids. (<b>B</b>) HIV-1 infection in LTR-luciferase TZM-bl reporter cells after 48 h treatment with luteolin (LN), myricetin (MN), or quercetin (QN), using DMSO as vehicle (Veh) or AZT (positive control). Results were plotted as mean ± SEM of duplicate readings normalized with cell control. (<b>C</b>) TZM-bl cell viability was assessed using WST-8 assay (Dojindo) after treatment for 24 and 48 h with flavonoids (10 µM); in parallel, H₂O₂ was used as positive control. Results are shown as percent viability relative to cell control (n = 3). **p<0.01, ***p<0.001.