Hazard Ratio (HR) for the association of marital status and all-cause mortality and selected cause-specific mortality, the Shanghai Men's Health 2002–2008 (n = 52,147) and Shanghai Women's Health Study 1996–2009 (n = 74,857).

<p>Abbreviations: BMI (body mass index), CI (confidence interval), CVD (cardiovascular disease), DM (diabetes mellitus), HRT (hormone replacement therapy), HTN (hypertension), HR (Hazard ratio), SES (socioeconomic status), WHR (waist to hip ratio).</p>‡<p>Adjusted for: age, SES (income, education, occupation), behavioral factors (BMI, WHR, physical activity, ever smoke, ever alcohol drinking, ever Ginseng use), reproductive factors (HRT, menopause, <i>women only</i>), dietary factors (total energy intake, vegetable and fruit intake, and red meat intake), chronic disease at baseline (HTN, DM, baseline CVD, and all other chronic disease).