Granger Causality Pattern of the DMN hubs in the normal aging and AD subjects respectively.

<p>In the old group (A) and AD (B) group, <b>DMN</b> Hubs are colored in red and the non-hub regions in blue. Line width and color indicate the proportion of subjects showing significant causal relationship in this direction (<i>p</i> = 0.05). The thickest black lines represent more than 80% subjects showing significant causal influence in this direction, the saffron lines represent 60%∼80%, and the green dashed lines represent 50%∼60%.