Glycemic Load, Glycemic Index, and the Risks of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke Among 8,855 Men and 10,753 Women^*.

*<p>Adjusted Hazard Ratios (with 95% CI) per SD of GL (20.5) and GI (3.9).</p>†<p>Adjusted for age, smoking (never, past, current), packyears, education (low, middle, high), BMI, physical activity (inactive, moderately inactive, moderately active, active), hypertension (yes, no), and OC use (ever, never).</p>‡<p>Additional adjustment for total energy, and energy-adjusted nutrients: alcohol (≤10, 10–25, 25–50, >50 g/day), vitamin C, dietary fiber, and saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fat. §Model 3, additionally adjusted for plasma total cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol.</p>∥<p>Models M3 and M4 for GI were also adjusted for energy-adjusted carbohydrate and protein intake. Among the 229 stroke cases, 115 cases of ischemic stroke (68 among men), and 69 (25 among men) cases of hemorrhagic stroke were recorded. GL correlated strongly with carbohydrate intake (Pearson r>0.91), while GI did not (r<0.35).</p><p>CHD = coronary heart disease; GL = dietary glycemic load; GI = dietary glycemic index; M = model; HDL = high-density lipoprotein.