NF-κB blockade reverses the EMT driven by the HIF-1α.

<p>(A) Western blot analysis of levels of indicated proteins in PANC-1 cells transduced with pcDNA3.0 empty vector (pcDNA3.0/N) and pcDNA3.0/HIF-1α (HIF-1α⁺/N) under normoxic conditions for 48 h. The histogram showed the average volume density corrected for the loading control (β-actin). *, <i>p</i><0.05. (B) EMT phenotype changes was confirmed with Immuofluorescence microscopy staining of E-cadherin and Vimentin. Green represents E-cadherin staining, whereas red represents Vimentin staining. Blue signal represents nuclear DNA staining by DAPI. (C) Western blot analysis. Dose-dependent effects of a 48-h exposure to the IKK inhibitor BAY 11-7082 on the indicated proteins. The histogram showed the average volume density corrected for the loading control (β-actin). (D) Matrigel invasion assays. Effects of a 48-h BAY 11-7082 (10 µmol/L) on invasion of PANC-1 cells under normoxic conditions. Left, photomicrographs at original magnification of ×100; Right, histogram to illustrate invasion assay results. *, <i>p</i><0.05. (E) Crystal violet assay. Effects of a 48-h BAY 11-7082 (10 µmol/L) on gemcitabine susceptibility of PANC-1 cells under normoxic conditions. Figures were selected as representative scenes from three independent experiments. (F) The Effects of IKK inhibitor on gemcitabine susceptibility of PANC-1 cells under normoxic conditions was also measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and used to calculate the viability index. *, <i>p</i><0.05.