Spatial learning in the Morris water maze.

<p>(A) Escape latency for lithium-pilocarpine- (LIP) and kainate- (KA) treated rats of the Wistar strain. (B) Escape latency for LIP- and KA-treated rats compared with controls of the Sprague-Dawley strain. (C) Thigmotactic swimming was evaluated for all groups of the Wistar strain. (D) Thigmotactic swimming in Sprague-Dawley rats. * represents statistical differences at p<0.05 between the LIP and control groups for the corresponding trial. + represents statistical differences at p<0.05 between the KA and control groups for the corresponding trial. See text for detailed p values in each case. The number of animals per group is: Control-W n = 23; Control-SD n = 9; KA-W n = 12; KA-SD n = 16; LIP-W n = 11; LIP-SD n = 12.