Impact of HIV infection on cytokine secretion and maturation of monocyte-derived macrophages and monocyte-derived DCs.

<p>(<b>A</b> and <b>B</b>) HIV-1 infection of monocyte-derived macrophages (MØ) or monocyte-derived DCs. Cells were infected at day 1 after the initiation of APC differentiation without (Mock) or with the R5 HIV-1_Bal (100 pg/ml of p24). At day 5, (<b>A</b>) the percentage of p24⁺ cells was determined by flow cytometry. Values shown are means ± SEM (n = 6). Significant differences are indicated by an asterisk (p<0.05). (<b>B</b>) HIV viral proteins were detected by western blotting using HIV-1⁺ sera. (<b>C</b>) HIV-1 decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines production. Cells at day 5 were stimulated with LPS (10 ng/ml) and IFN-γ (10³ U/ml) overnight. Cells incubated in the absence of R5 HIV-1_Bal and in the absence of stimulation represent the negative control (Med). Supernatants were collected and assessed for the presence of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α by flow cytometry using bead array. Values shown are means ± SEM (n = 3). Significant differences are indicated by an asterisk (p<0.05). (<b>D</b> and <b>E</b>) HIV-1 decreases CD86 expression at the surface of stimulated (<b>D</b>) MØ or (<b>E</b>) DCs. Cells were stained with specific CD86 mAbs, and cell surface density was assessed by flow cytometry. One representative experiment out of three is shown; the mean of fluorescence intensity is indicated. CD86 expression values shown are means ± SEM (n = 3). Significant differences are indicated by an asterisk (p<0.05).