Influenza infection increases intracellular calcium, induces phosphorylation of MLCK, MYPT, and MLC, and activates PKC, RhoA, and Rho kinase.

<p>HUVECs were infected with influenza virus (MOI, 10) and were collected at the indicated times points [after infection] for calcium measurement by using fluo-3/Fura. Red fluorescence ratios (A), blotting for MLCK phosphorylation (B), and measurement of activities of PKC (C), RhoA (D) and Rho kinase (E). Influenza infection increases MYPT and MLC phosphorylation. HUVECs were infected with influenza virus (MOI, 10) and after the indicated time were lysed and used for MYPT-P (F) and MLC-P (G) blotting. N = 4 for each experiments.