Bar graphs showing the mean dominance indices (DI) as a function of time.

<p>The results shown are: before visual exposure (control) and after visual exposure for three groups of animals up to 1 day (A), up to 3 days (B) and up to 7 days (C). Seeing aggressive acts by the larger conspecific male continuously suppressed the dominant behavior of the subjects. The subjects had decreased dominance indices one hour after seeing the aggressive stimuli in all three groups. The solid bars are subjects that were exposed visually to the larger stimulus male and the hatched bars are control subjects that saw no other fish. Mean values with letters are significantly different from corresponding mean values without letters. The standard errors (SE) of means are shown as error bars.